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In recent years the floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) business has rapidly grown and is now at the forefront of offshore industry focus. For the first time, this major new report by energy analysts Douglas-Westwood brings together in one document a clear review of the current and future prospects, technology concepts and markets forecasts for expenditure in the FLNG sector. The report addresses both the floating regasification and the floating liquefaction vessel markets and quantifies the size of the opportunity in volume and value. The business is poised for substantial growth, particularly within the liquefaction sector, and is forecast to be worth $8.5 billion by 2015.
The IEA forecasts annual growth in natural gas supply will average 2.7% from 2006 to 2030. By 2030, natural gas will account for 22.3% of total worldwide primary energy supply. The difficulties in progressing onshore LNG projects has driven the adoption of FLNG which now offers an increasingly important method of bringing gas from stranded reserves to the market.
The report is unique in providing a complete overview of both floating liquefaction and regasification concepts.
In common with other reports of Douglas-Westwood’s acclaimed series, The World FLNG Market Report will be useful for executive readers. The report does not assume a detailed technical knowledge of the subject.
This major new report examines FLNG technical components discussing topsides, hulls, mooring and offloading systems.
The report identifies by region and thoroughly discusses on a country-by-country basis the current and future prospects for floating LNG Liquefaction and Regasification terminals to 2015
The market model is built on a project-by-project review of development prospects, with the timing of expenditure phased to reflect likely project structure. This model has been developed in consultation with industry experts and sense-checked to account for external factors such as supply chain constraints. The World FLNG Market Report presents a seven-year market forecast for activity in the sector over 2009-2015.
It includes a series of charts and tables showing the market expenditures in US dollar values over the period, segmented by component, facility type, region and service. Segmentation of spend includes values split by: technology licensing, front end engineering & design, project management & detailed design engineering, construction engineering (field engineering), construction and installation (hook-up and commissioning).
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Table of Contents
1 Summary and Conclusions
2 The LNG Industry
2.1 Liquefied Natural Gas
2.2 Chemical Properties of LNG
2.3 The LNG Chain – Onshore & FLNG Comparison
3 Why Floating LNG?
3.1 Increasing Gas Demand
3.2 Gas Supply
3.3 Onshore vs Offshore
3.4 Stranded Gas Fields
3.5 Associated Gas Fields
3.6 Environment Issues
3.7 Security Issues
3.8 Political Issues
3.9 Complimentary Technology
4 Topsides
4.1 Liquefaction Processes
4.2 Regasification Processes
5 Hulls
5.1 Hull design concepts
5.2 Containment Systems
5.3 Shipyard Review
5.4 Conversions vs. Newbuilds
6 Moorings and Transfer Systems
6.1 Mooring Systems
6.2 Offloading Systems
6.3 Salt Cavern Storage
7 FLNG Companies
7.1 Flex LNG
7.2 Excelerate Energy
7.3 Golar LNG
7.4 SBM Offshore
7.5 Aker Solutions
7.6 BW Offshore
7.7 Höegh LNG
7.8 Inpex
7.9 Maverick LNG
7.10 Shell
7.11 Sevan Marine
7.12 Hamworthy
8 Global Overview of FLNG Activity
8.1 Global View of FLNG Prospects
8.2 Africa
8.3 Asia
8.4 Australasia
8.5 FSU & Eastern Europe
8.6 Latin America
8.7 Middle East
8.8 North America
8.9 Western Europe
9 Case Studies
9.1 Bilbari FPSO (Nigeria)
9.2 Puk Puk FPSO
9.3 Prelude FPSO
9.4 Pecém FSRU
9.5 Gulf Gateway Energy Bridge RV
9.6 Teesside GasPort
10 Market Forecast
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Forecasting Process
10.3 Pricing Procedures
10.4 Liquefaction Terminals
10.5 Import Terminals
10.6 Forecast by Regions
10.7 The Global FLNG Market by Component
10.8 The Global FLNG Market by Service
10.9 The Global FLNG Market by Facility Type
10.10 The Global FLNG Market by Region
11 Appendices
11.1 Conversion Tables
Figures
Figure 1: Prospective additions to LNG Output
Figure 2: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Type 2004-2015
Figure 3: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Region 2004-2015
Figure 4: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Service 2004-2015
Figure 5: The LNG Chain
Figure 6: Gas Consumption by Region 1990-2030
Figure 7: Global Oil Supply 1930-2050
Figure 8: Global Gas Production 1930-2025
Figure 9: Gas Supply and Demand in the USA
Figure 10: Onshore vs. Offshore Liquefaction Terminals Capex
Figure 11: Onshore vs. Offshore Liquefaction Terminals Total Costs
Figure 12: Stranded Gas Fields with Resources between 0.3-1.5 Tcf by Region
Figure 13: Estimated Distribution of Offshore Gas Fields (Logarithmic scale)
Figure 14: Floating Barrier Test
Figure 15: Greater Sunrise Field
Figure 16: A typical subsea layout
Figure 17: Typical LNG FPSO Process Diagram
Figure 18: Comparison Between Different Liquefaction Processes
Figure 19: Nitrogen Expander Liquefaction Process
Figure 20: Single Mixed Refrigerant Process
Figure 21: Propane Pre-Cooled Mixed Refrigerant Process
Figure 22: Pure Refrigerant Cascade Process
Figure 23: ConocoPhillips Optimised Cascade Process
Figure 24: StatoilHydro-Linde Mixed Fluid Cascade Process
Figure 25: Dual Mixed Refrigerant Process
Figure 26: Regasification Process Schematic
Figure 27: Side and Front Schematic of the Sea Water Vapouriser
Figure 28: Submerged Combustion Vapouriser (Closed Loop)
Figure 29: Sevan Marine’s SSP as an LNG FPSO
Figure 30: Concrete FPSO Concept
Figure 31: LEFT-Membrane Tank. RIGHT Hanjin Pyeongtaek carrier
Figure 32: Typical Membrane containment layout
Figure 33: Sloshing inside a tank
Figure 34: Sloshing damage on a LNG carrier built in 1982
Figure 35: Spherical LNG Tank
Figure 36: Typical Kvaerner-Moss layout
Figure 37: IHI SPB Tank
Figure 38: LNG Carrier Layout
Figure 39: Hull Section of a LNG Carrier with ADBT Tank
Figure 40: Double Wall Panel
Figure 41: Sevan Marine Containment System
Figure 42: Age of Hulls of Current LNG Carrier Fleet
Figure 43: Conventional Spread Mooring
Figure 44: A Swivel Stack by Bluewater
Figure 45: External Turret on FLNG Concept
Figure 46: Energy Bridge-Cutaway Showing Internal Turret and Mooring System
Figure 47: Side by Side Offloading via Loading Arms
Figure 48: DCMA-S Loading Arm
Figure 50: Teesside ship-to-ship
Figure 49: Side by Side Mooring
Figure 51: Tandem Offloading via Aerial or Floating Hoses
Figure 52: BTT System
Figure 53: SBM SYMO System
Figure 55: APL'S STL Buoy
Figure 54: Ship to Shore Offloading
Figure 56: Technip Flexi-Quay
Figure 57: Bluewater Big Sweep
Figure 58: Fixed Platform
Figure 59: Nnwa/Doro FLNG Concept
Figure 60: BW Offshore's FPSO Concept
Figure 61: Höegh LNG FPSO Layout
Figure 62: Höegh LNG FPSO with LNG carrier
Figure 63: Location of Inpex's Masela Block
Figure 64: Prospective Additions to FLNG Output Capacity 2009-2015
Figure 65: Prospective Additions to FLNG Import Capacity 2009-2015
Figure 66: Höegh Gandria (prior to conversion)
Figure 67: Golar Spirit
Figure 68: Excelerate Excellance
Figure 69 Broadwater FRSU
Figure 70: Höegh Submerged Buoy system
Figure 71: Irish Sea Gateway Monopod
Figure 72: Location of Bilabri Field
Figure 73: Bulford Dolphin
Figure 74: Flex LNG's LNG Producer
Figure 75: Location of Puk Puk Field
Figure 76: Ocean Epoch
Figure 77: Shell's FLNG Concept
Figure 78: Pecém LNG Pier
Figure 79: Pecém LNG pier during construction
Figure 80: Excelsior EBRV
Figure 81: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Region 2004-2015
Figure 82: Regional Share of Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals 2009-2015
Figure 83: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Component 2004-2015
Figure 84: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Service 2004-2015
Figure 85: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Region 2004-2015
Figure 86: Regional Share of Capex on FLNG Import Terminals 2009-2015
Figure 87: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Component 2004-2015
Figure 88: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Service 2004-2015
Figure 89: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Africa by Type 2004-2015
Figure 90: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Asia by Type 2004-2015
Figure 91: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Australasia by Type 2004-2015
Figure 92: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Latin America by Type 2004-2015
Figure 93: Capex on FLNG Facilities in the Middle East by Type 2004-2015
Figure 94: Capex on FLNG Facilities in North America by Type 2004-2015
Figure 95: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Western Europe by Type 2004-2015
Figure 96: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Component 2004-2015
Figure 97: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Service 2004-2015
Figure 98: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Type 2004-2015
Figure 99: Global Capex Share on FLNG Facilities by Type 2009-2015
Figure 100: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Region 2004-2015
Figure 101: Global Capex Share on FLNG Facilities by Region 2009-2015
Tables
Table 1: Differences between Announced Units/Capacity and Forecast Units/ Capacity
Table 2: Example of LNG Composition between Alaska and Algeria
Table 3: World's Top Ten Countries for Proven Gas Resources
Table 4: Estimated Flared Volumes from Satellite Data
Table 5: Table of Typical Natural Gas Composition
Table 6: FLNG Concepts by Liquefaction Processes
Table 7: LNG Carrier Construction- Annual Shipyard Capacity
Table 8: FLNG Liquefaction Terminal Prospects in Africa
Table 9: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in Africa
Table 10: FLNG Liquefaction Terminal Prospects in Asia
Table 11: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in Asia
Table 12: FLNG Liquefaction Terminal Prospects in Australasia
Table 13: FLNG Import Terminals in Operation in Latin America
Table 14: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in Latin America
Table 15: FLNG Liquefaction Terminal Prospects in the Middle East
Table 16: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in the Middle East
Table 17: FLNG Import Terminals in Operation in North America
Table 18: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in North America
Table 19: FLNG Import Terminals in Operation in Western Europe
Table 20: FLNG Import Terminal Prospects in Western Europe
Table 21: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Region 2004-2015
Table 22: FLNG Liquefaction Capacity Coming Onstream 2004-2015
Table 23: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Component 2004-2015
Table 24: Capex on FLNG Liquefaction Terminals by Service 2004-2015
Table 25: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Region 2004-2015
Table 26: FLNG Import Capacity Coming On-stream 2004-2015
Table 27: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Component 2004-2015
Table 28: Capex on FLNG Import Terminals by Service 2004-2015
Table 29: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Africa by Type 2004-2015
Table 30: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Asia by Type 2004-2015
Table 31: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Australasia by Type 2004-2015
Table 32: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Latin America by Type 2004-2015
Table 33: Capex on FLNG Facilities in the Middle East by Type 2004-2015
Table 34: Capex on FLNG Facilities in North America by Type 2004-2015
Table 35: Capex on FLNG Facilities in Western Europe by Type 2004-2015
Table 36: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Component 2004-2015
Table 37: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Component 2004-2015
Table 38: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Type 2004-2015
Table 39: Global Capex on FLNG Facilities by Region 2004-2015
Table 40: Conversion Table
For full details, please email jenniferc@cmsinfo.com
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